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Nestled in the lap of the Western Ghats, the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary is one of India’s most popular and well-protected reserves. It serves as a haven for a wide variety of wildlife, including some of the country's most endangered species. The sanctuary is an integral part of Kerala's identity, offering visitors a unique experience that blends adventure with a deep connection to nature.

History and Importance:

Established in 1950, Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary was initially recognized as a tiger reserve under Project Tiger in 1978. Over the years, it has become synonymous with conservation efforts in southern India. The sanctuary not only provides a protected habitat for wildlife but also plays a key role in safeguarding the fragile ecosystem of the Western Ghats. The Periyar River, which flows through the sanctuary, plays a critical role in sustaining the local biodiversity.

The sanctuary is also known for its community-based eco-tourism initiatives that involve local people in conservation and tourism management. These initiatives have become a model for sustainable tourism across India.

Flora and Fauna:

Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary is home to a staggering diversity of flora and fauna, making it a paradise for nature lovers. The lush, evergreen forests are interspersed with deciduous trees, and the area’s vast green cover is an essential part of the Western Ghats’ biodiversity hotspot.

• Mammals: The sanctuary is home to over 60 species of mammals, with the Asian elephant being its star attraction. Herds of elephants can often be seen by the lake, cooling off in the water. Bengal tigers, though elusive, are present here and remain a primary draw for wildlife enthusiasts. Other mammals include the Indian bison (gaur), wild boars, sambar deer, and the Nilgiri langur.
• Birds: Periyar is a birdwatcher's paradise with over 265 species of birds. Some of the common species include the Malabar grey hornbill, kingfishers, cormorants, and darters. The sanctuary is also home to the rare and endemic species like the Nilgiri wood pigeon and the great Indian hornbill.
• Reptiles and Amphibians: The sanctuary is rich in reptilian life, including king cobras, pythons, and a variety of lizards. It also harbors many species of frogs and toads that are often spotted in and around the Periyar Lake.

Periyar Lake – The Heart of the Sanctuary:

At the heart of the sanctuary lies the serene and picturesque Periyar Lake, a man-made reservoir formed by the construction of the Mullaperiyar Dam in 1895. This 26-square-kilometer lake offers visitors stunning views of the surrounding hills and forests. The lake serves as a crucial watering hole for wildlife, and many animals, including elephants and deer, can be seen near its banks.

The lake is also popular for boating, which provides a unique opportunity to observe wildlife from a safe distance. Early morning and late afternoon boat rides offer the best chances of sighting animals in their natural habitat.

Activities at Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary:

Periyar offers a variety of activities for visitors, making it a premier destination for eco-tourism and adventure.

1. Wildlife Safari: The sanctuary offers jeep safaris and trekking expeditions, including the popular "Tiger Trail," which allows visitors to explore the depths of the forest with trained guides.
2. Boating: A boat ride on Periyar Lake is a must-do activity. It offers a calm and serene way to witness wildlife and the natural beauty of the sanctuary.
3. Bamboo Rafting: For the more adventurous, bamboo rafting through the lake’s backwaters provides a unique way to experience the lush surroundings and spot wildlife.
4. Nature Walks and Treks: Guided nature walks through the forest allow visitors to connect with the local flora and fauna on a deeper level. The sanctuary also organizes night treks for those seeking a more thrilling adventure.
5. Elephant Rides: Another popular activity is the elephant ride through the forest, where visitors can learn about the elephants' natural habitat and conservation efforts.

Best Time to Visit:

The best time to visit Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary is between October and June, when the weather is pleasant, and wildlife sightings are more frequent. The monsoon season (July to September) can be beautiful but may limit outdoor activities due to heavy rains.

How to Reach:

• By Air: The nearest airport is in Madurai (140 km) and Kochi (190 km).
• By Rail: Kottayam, located 114 km away, is the nearest railway station.
• By Road: The sanctuary is well-connected by roads from major cities like Kochi, Madurai, and Kottayam.

Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary is a sanctuary in every sense—a place where nature is preserved and cherished. Its rich biodiversity, breathtaking landscapes, and eco-tourism activities make it a top destination for anyone looking to experience the raw beauty of the wild. Whether you are a wildlife enthusiast, a nature lover, or just someone seeking peace, Periyar offers something for everyone.

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